Python 3 Dokumentation
(stable release)
https://docs.python.org/3/index.html
Python Setup and Usage
PEP 8 - Style Guide for Python Code
Python Modules / Packaging
Python Packaging User Guide
Python Module Index
Python Package Index
PIP (Python Package Installer)
Python Language Reference
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1. Introduction
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2. Lexical analysis
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3. Data model
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4. Execution model
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5. The import system
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6. Expressions
- 6.1. Arithmetic conversions
- 6.2. Atoms
- 6.3. Primaries
- 6.4. Await expression
- 6.5. The power operator
- 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise operations
- 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations
- 6.8. Shifting operations
- 6.9. Binary bitwise operations
- 6.10. Comparisons
- 6.11. Boolean operations
- 6.12. Assignment expressions
- 6.13. Conditional expressions
- 6.14. Lambdas
- 6.15. Expression lists
- 6.16. Evaluation order
- 6.17. Operator precedence
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7. Simple statements
- 7.1. Expression statements
- 7.2. Assignment statements
- 7.3. The
assert
statement - 7.4. The
pass
statement - 7.5. The
del
statement - 7.6. The
return
statement - 7.7. The
yield
statement - 7.8. The
raise
statement - 7.9. The
break
statement - 7.10. The
continue
statement - 7.11. The
import
statement - 7.12. The
global
statement - 7.13. The
nonlocal
statement - 7.14. The
type
statement
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8. Compound statements
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9. Top-level components
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10. Full Grammar specification
Python Library Reference
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Introduction
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Built-in Functions
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Built-in Constants
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Built-in Types
- Truth Value Testing
- Boolean Operations —
and
,or
,not
- Comparisons
- Numeric Types —
int
,float
,complex
- Boolean Type -
bool
- Iterator Types
- Sequence Types —
list
,tuple
,range
- Text Sequence Type —
str
- Binary Sequence Types —
bytes
,bytearray
,memoryview
- Set Types —
set
,frozenset
- Mapping Types —
dict
- Context Manager Types
- Type Annotation Types — Generic Alias, Union
- Other Built-in Types
- Special Attributes
- Integer string conversion length limitation
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Built-in Exceptions
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Text Processing Services
string
— Common string operationsre
— Regular expression operationsdifflib
— Helpers for computing deltastextwrap
— Text wrapping and fillingunicodedata
— Unicode Databasestringprep
— Internet String Preparationreadline
— GNU readline interfacerlcompleter
— Completion function for GNU readline
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Binary Data Services
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Data Types
datetime
— Basic date and time typeszoneinfo
— IANA time zone supportcalendar
— General calendar-related functionscollections
— Container datatypescollections.abc
— Abstract Base Classes for Containersheapq
— Heap queue algorithmbisect
— Array bisection algorithmarray
— Efficient arrays of numeric valuesweakref
— Weak referencestypes
— Dynamic type creation and names for built-in typescopy
— Shallow and deep copy operationspprint
— Data pretty printerreprlib
— Alternaterepr()
implementationenum
— Support for enumerationsgraphlib
— Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
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Numeric and Mathematical Modules
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Functional Programming Modules
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File and Directory Access
pathlib
— Object-oriented filesystem pathsos.path
— Common pathname manipulationsstat
— Interpretingstat()
resultsfilecmp
— File and Directory Comparisonstempfile
— Generate temporary files and directoriesglob
— Unix style pathname pattern expansionfnmatch
— Unix filename pattern matchinglinecache
— Random access to text linesshutil
— High-level file operations
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Data Persistence
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Data Compression and Archiving
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File Formats
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Cryptographic Services
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Generic Operating System Services
os
— Miscellaneous operating system interfacesio
— Core tools for working with streamstime
— Time access and conversionslogging
— Logging facility for Pythonlogging.config
— Logging configurationlogging.handlers
— Logging handlersplatform
— Access to underlying platform’s identifying dataerrno
— Standard errno system symbolsctypes
— A foreign function library for Python
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Command Line Interface Libraries
argparse
— Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommandsoptparse
— Parser for command line optionsgetpass
— Portable password inputfileinput
— Iterate over lines from multiple input streamscurses
— Terminal handling for character-cell displayscurses.textpad
— Text input widget for curses programscurses.ascii
— Utilities for ASCII characterscurses.panel
— A panel stack extension for curses
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Concurrent Execution
threading
— Thread-based parallelismmultiprocessing
— Process-based parallelismmultiprocessing.shared_memory
— Shared memory for direct access across processes- The
concurrent
package concurrent.futures
— Launching parallel taskssubprocess
— Subprocess managementsched
— Event schedulerqueue
— A synchronized queue classcontextvars
— Context Variables_thread
— Low-level threading API
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Networking and Interprocess Communication
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Internet Data Handling
email
— An email and MIME handling packagejson
— JSON encoder and decodermailbox
— Manipulate mailboxes in various formatsmimetypes
— Map filenames to MIME typesbase64
— Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingsbinascii
— Convert between binary and ASCIIquopri
— Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
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Structured Markup Processing Tools
html
— HyperText Markup Language supporthtml.parser
— Simple HTML and XHTML parserhtml.entities
— Definitions of HTML general entities- XML Processing Modules
xml.etree.ElementTree
— The ElementTree XML APIxml.dom
— The Document Object Model APIxml.dom.minidom
— Minimal DOM implementationxml.dom.pulldom
— Support for building partial DOM treesxml.sax
— Support for SAX2 parsersxml.sax.handler
— Base classes for SAX handlersxml.sax.saxutils
— SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader
— Interface for XML parsersxml.parsers.expat
— Fast XML parsing using Expat
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Internet Protocols and Support
webbrowser
— Convenient web-browser controllerwsgiref
— WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationurllib
— URL handling modulesurllib.request
— Extensible library for opening URLsurllib.response
— Response classes used by urlliburllib.parse
— Parse URLs into componentsurllib.error
— Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser
— Parser for robots.txthttp
— HTTP moduleshttp.client
— HTTP protocol clientftplib
— FTP protocol clientpoplib
— POP3 protocol clientimaplib
— IMAP4 protocol clientsmtplib
— SMTP protocol clientuuid
— UUID objects according to RFC 4122socketserver
— A framework for network servershttp.server
— HTTP servershttp.cookies
— HTTP state managementhttp.cookiejar
— Cookie handling for HTTP clientsxmlrpc
— XMLRPC server and client modulesxmlrpc.client
— XML-RPC client accessxmlrpc.server
— Basic XML-RPC serversipaddress
— IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
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Multimedia Services
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Internationalization
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Program Frameworks
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Graphical User Interfaces with Tk
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Development Tools
typing
— Support for type hintspydoc
— Documentation generator and online help system- Python Development Mode
doctest
— Test interactive Python examplesunittest
— Unit testing frameworkunittest.mock
— mock object libraryunittest.mock
— getting startedtest
— Regression tests package for Pythontest.support
— Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.socket_helper
— Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper
— Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper
— Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationtest.support.threading_helper
— Utilities for threading teststest.support.os_helper
— Utilities for os teststest.support.import_helper
— Utilities for import teststest.support.warnings_helper
— Utilities for warnings tests
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Debugging and Profiling
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Software Packaging and Distribution
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Python Runtime Services
sys
— System-specific parameters and functionssys.monitoring
— Execution event monitoringsysconfig
— Provide access to Python’s configuration informationbuiltins
— Built-in objects__main__
— Top-level code environmentwarnings
— Warning controldataclasses
— Data Classescontextlib
— Utilities forwith
-statement contextsabc
— Abstract Base Classesatexit
— Exit handlerstraceback
— Print or retrieve a stack traceback__future__
— Future statement definitionsgc
— Garbage Collector interfaceinspect
— Inspect live objectssite
— Site-specific configuration hook
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Custom Python Interpreters
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Importing Modules
zipimport
— Import modules from Zip archivespkgutil
— Package extension utilitymodulefinder
— Find modules used by a scriptrunpy
— Locating and executing Python modulesimportlib
— The implementation ofimport
importlib.resources
– Package resource reading, opening and accessimportlib.resources.abc
– Abstract base classes for resourcesimportlib.metadata
– Accessing package metadata- The initialization of the
sys.path
module search path
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Python Language Services
ast
— Abstract Syntax Treessymtable
— Access to the compiler’s symbol tablestoken
— Constants used with Python parse treeskeyword
— Testing for Python keywordstokenize
— Tokenizer for Python sourcetabnanny
— Detection of ambiguous indentationpyclbr
— Python module browser supportpy_compile
— Compile Python source filescompileall
— Byte-compile Python librariesdis
— Disassembler for Python bytecodepickletools
— Tools for pickle developers
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MS Windows Specific Services
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Unix Specific Services
posix
— The most common POSIX system callspwd
— The password databasegrp
— The group databasetermios
— POSIX style tty controltty
— Terminal control functionspty
— Pseudo-terminal utilitiesfcntl
— Thefcntl
andioctl
system callsresource
— Resource usage informationsyslog
— Unix syslog library routines
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Modules command-line interface (CLI)
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Superseded Modules
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Removed Modules
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Security Considerations